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A ''cornu'' or ''cornum'' (, "horn", plural ''cornua'', sometimes translated misleadingly as "cornet") was an ancient Roman brass instrument about long in the shape of a letter 'G'. The instrument was braced by a crossbar that stiffened the structure and provided a means of supporting its weight on the player's shoulder. Some specimens survive in the archaeological record, two from the ruins of Pompeii. The ''cornu'' may be difficult to distinguish from the buccina. It was used by the Roman army for communicating orders to troops in battle. In Roman art, the ''cornu'' appears among the instruments that accompany games ''(ludi)'' or gladiator combat in the arena, as on the Zliten mosaic.〔Thomas Wiedemann, ''Emperors and Gladiators'' (Routledge, 1992, 1995), p. 15.〕 ==Military use== The ''cornu'' was carried by the ''cornicen'' (horn-blower) who coded the general's orders into signals and broadcast them over the field during battles. The Roman army also made use of a straight trumpet called a ''tuba,'' which bore no resemblance to the modern tuba. The military writer Vegetius described the use of horns to give signals: The music of the legion consists of trumpets, cornets and buccinae. The trumpet sounds the charge and the retreat. The cornets are used only to regulate the motions of the colors; the trumpets serve when the soldiers are ordered out to any work without the colors; but in time of action, the trumpets and cornets sound together. The ''classicum'', which is a particular sound of the ''buccina'' or horn, is appropriated to the commander-in-chief and is used in the presence of the general, or at the execution of a soldier, as a mark of its being done by his authority. The ordinary guards and outposts are always mounted and relieved by the sound of trumpet, which also directs the motions of the soldiers on working parties and on field days. The cornets sound whenever the colors are to be struck or planted. These rules must be punctually observed in all exercises and reviews so that the soldiers may be ready to obey them in action without hesitation according to the general's orders either to charge or halt, to pursue the enemy or to retire. For reason will convince us that what is necessary to be performed in the heat of action should constantly be practiced in the leisure of peace.''〔Vegetius, ''De Re Militari'' (Book II )〕 File:Cornu Aalen.JPG|''Cornu'' from the Roman Museum in Aalen, Germany Image:Cornicen on Trajan's column.JPG|''Cornicen'' on Trajan's Column File:201005151444 NE CSM, Weihestein des Cornicen Marcus Mellonius Mercator.jpg|Tombstone of a ''cornicen'' from Novaesium 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cornu (horn)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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